Spina Bifida

WHAT IS SPINA BIFIDA?

Spina Bifida literally means ‘split spine’. It is a neural tube defect that occurs in the first month of pregnancy when the spinal column does not close completely. There are thirty three vertebrae in the spine and if one or more of these does not form properly in early pregnancy then the nerves in the spine may be unprotected, leading to damage of the central nervous system. Disruption of the nervous system depends on how high up the spine the problem lies and how well the spinal cord below the defect works. Thanks to new medical treatments and technology most people born with Spina Bifida can expect to live a typical life. Parents of children with Spina Bifida have an increased risk of having a second child with the condition. This condition is more likely to appear in females although the cause for this is unknown.

There are three main types of Spina Bifida:

1. Occulta: Often called hidden Spina Bifida, the spinal cord and the nerves are usually normal and there is no opening on the back. There may be no motor or sensory impairments evident at birth. In many instances, Spina Bifida Occulta is so mild that there is no disturbance of spinal function at all. It can be diagnosed at any age.
2. Meningocele: The protective coatings come through the open part of the spine like a sac that is pushed out. Cerebrospinal fluid is in the sac and there is usually no nerve damage. Individuals may suffer minor disabilities and additional problems can develop later in life.
3. Myelomeningocele: This form occurs when the protective coverings of the spinal cord and spinal nerves come through the open part of the spine. This is the most serious type of Spina Bifida which causes nerve damage and more severe disabilities.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF SPINA BIFIDA?

The effects of Spina Bifida are different for every person. Some of the problems that a person with Spina Bifida might face are:

1. Not being able to move lower parts of their body. Therefore most affected individuals will require braces, crutches, walkers or wheelchairs to maximise mobility.
2. Loss of bowel and bladder control (some individuals may wear protective clothing whilst others learn new ways to empty their bladders and their bowels)
3. Learning disabilities
4. Allergy to latex (a material found in some rubber-type products e.g. balloons, hospital gloves)
5. Fluid building up and putting pressure on the brain: Hydrocephalus
6. Depression
7. Social and sexual issues

HOW IS SPINA BIFIDA TREATED?
Spina Bifida is not a condition that can be cured. The surgeon will decide whether the child should have surgery to repair the defect in the back. Some surgeons do not close the back surgically but leave it to heal without intervention. Although Spina Bifida can be surgically closed after birth, this does not restore normal function to the affected part of the spinal cord. Those with hydrocephalus (and this is the majority with severe Spina Bifida) may need surgery to drain the fluid that builds up. Physiotherapy helps with mobility and regular use of a urinary catheter may be needed if there are difficulties passing urine normally. Emotional support is important and special teaching may be necessary.

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF SPINA BIFIDA?
The cause of Spina Bifida is unknown, but it is thought to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

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Although the information we have provided here is meant to be helpful to you, Douglas Silas Solicitors cannot be held responsible for any damage or loss caused by any inaccuracy or reliance placed upon it. If you have any concerns about your child, you should seek professional educational or healthcare advice as soon as possible.